/* CSS Variables and Global Styles */
:root {
    --container: 1400px;
    --blue-100: #e0e8ed;
    --blue-300: #bbcfda;
    --accent: #bcd7e7;
    --text: #1f2b36;
    --muted: #6b7782;
    --white: #fff;
    --card-shadow: rgba(30, 45, 60, 0.06);
    --accent-deep: #5f8ea8;
    --spacing-xs: 8px;
    --spacing-sm: 12px;
    --spacing-md: 16px;
    --spacing-lg: 24px;
    --spacing-xl: 32px;
    --border-radius: 6px;
    --header-height: 120px;
    --topbar-height: 50px;
    --hero-scroll-height: 220px;
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html,
body {
    height: 100%;
}

body {
    font-family: "Inter", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial;
    color: var(--text);
    background: #f7f8f9;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    line-height: 1.5;
    font-size: 14px;
}
li ul li{
    list-style: none;
}

/* Container */
.container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
}



.top-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    justify-content: center;
    height: 100%;
    align-items: center;
}

.top-links a {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    position: relative;
}

.top-links a:hover {
    color: var(--text);
}

.top-links a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: var(--accent-deep);
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.top-links a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* Search Bar - Visible on all screens */
.search-nav-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.search-container {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.search-container input {
    width: 200px;
    padding: 8px 35px 8px 12px;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8eb;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 14px;
    outline: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.search-container input:focus {
    border-color: var(--accent-deep);
    width: 250px;
}

.search-container .search-btn {
    position: absolute;
    right: 5px;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 5px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.search-container .search-btn:hover {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    background: #ededed;
    padding: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e6e5e5;
    top: var(--topbar-height);
    z-index: 99;
    overflow: visible;
    transition: box-shadow 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.hero-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    padding: 0;
    gap: 0;
}

.hero-left {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 164px 1fr;
    align-items: stretch;
    width: 100%;
    min-height: 220px;
    /* background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ffffff 50%, #cfcfcf 50%); */
    transition: min-height 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), padding 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.cover {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 12px 10px;
    transition: padding 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), transform 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.cover .cover-img {
    width: 142px;
    height: 196px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    background: #f3f3f3;
    border: 1px solid #d0d0d0;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.14);
    transition: width 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), height 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), box-shadow 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), transform 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.cover-img img {
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center top;
}

.title-block {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0 26px;
    transition: padding 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), transform 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.title-block h1 {
    margin: 0;
    font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 56px);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #191919;
    line-height: 1.05;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    transition: font-size 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), line-height 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), letter-spacing 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}

.title-block p {
    margin: 10px 0 0;
    font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
    font-size: clamp(15px, 1.7vw, 42px);
    font-style: italic;
    color: #252525;
    transition: font-size 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), margin 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), opacity 0.28s ease;
}

/* Primary Navigation */
.primary-nav {
    background: #fff;
    border-top: 1px solid #eef2f4;
    transition: top 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), box-shadow 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1), background-color 0.36s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
    /* position: sticky;
    top: 0; */
    /* top: calc(var(--topbar-height) + 170px); */
    /* z-index: 1; */
}

.nav-inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    position: relative;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    align-items: center;
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: auto;
}

@media (min-width: 769px) {
    .hero {
        position: sticky;
        top: 0;
        z-index: 102;
    }

    .primary-nav {
        position: relative;
        top: 0;
        z-index: 101;
    }

    body.header-compact .hero-left {
        min-height: 158px;
    }

    body.header-compact .hero {
        box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.14);
    }

    body.header-compact .cover {
        padding: 8px 9px;
        transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    body.header-compact .cover .cover-img {
        width: 104px;
        height: 140px;
        box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.12);
        transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    body.header-compact .title-block {
        padding: 0 22px;
        transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    body.header-compact .title-block h1 {
        font-size: clamp(28px, 3vw, 44px);
        line-height: 1.08;
    }

    body.header-compact .title-block p {
        margin-top: 6px;
        font-size: clamp(13px, 1.3vw, 24px);
        opacity: 0.9;
    }

    body.header-compact .primary-nav {
        box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94);
        backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    }
}

.nav-menu>li>a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text);
    font-size: 14px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    position: relative;
    padding: 12px 0;
}

/* Nav items hover underline effect */
.nav-menu>li>a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--accent-deep);
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-menu>li>a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

/* Mobile Menu Toggle - Perfectly aligned */
.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 10px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1001;
    height: 40px;
    justify-content: center;
}

/* Mobile close button */
.mobile-close-btn {
    display: none;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    width: 100%;
}

.close-nav-menu {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    font-size: 24px;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: #333;
    padding: 5px;
    line-height: 1;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
}

.close-nav-menu:hover {
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

/* Show close button only on mobile when menu is active */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .mobile-close-btn {
        display: flex;
    }

    /* Hide the close button when menu is not active */
    .nav-menu:not(.active) .mobile-close-btn {
        display: none;
    }
}

.mobile-menu-toggle span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--text);
    margin: 3px 0;
    transition: 0.3s;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(1) {
    transform: rotate(-45deg) translate(-5px, 6px);
}

.mobile-menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(2) {
    opacity: 0;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle.active span:nth-child(3) {
    transform: rotate(45deg) translate(-5px, -6px);
}

/* Right aligned submit button */
.right-links {
    margin-left: auto;
}

.right-links a {
    background: var(--accent-deep);
    color: var(--white) !important;
    padding: 8px 16px !important;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.right-links a:hover {
    background: #4a7a94 !important;
}

.right-links a::after {
    display: none !important;
}

/* Dropdown Menu Styles */
.dropdown {
    position: relative;
}

.dropdown-toggle {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
}

.dropdown-indicator {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 0;
    height: 0;
    border-top: 4px solid;
    border-right: 4px solid transparent;
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

/* .dropdown-toggle::after {
    content: "";
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    border-top: 4px solid;
    border-right: 4px solid transparent;
    border-left: 4px solid transparent;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
} */

/* .dropdown:hover .dropdown-toggle::after {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
} */

.dropdown-menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    background: var(--white);
    min-width: 220px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    z-index: 1000;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    list-style: none;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid #eef2f4;
}

.dropdown:hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.dropdown-menu li {
    padding: 0;
}

.dropdown-menu li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    color: var(--text);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    font-size: 13px;
    position: relative;
}

/* Dropdown items with underline effect */
.dropdown-menu li a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 16px;
    width: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: var(--accent-deep);
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-menu li a:hover::after {
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
}

.dropdown-menu li a:hover {
    background-color: var(--blue-100);
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    padding-left: 20px;
}

/* Nested Dropdown (Submenu) */
.dropdown-submenu {
    position: relative;
}

.dropdown-submenu>a::before {
    content: "›";
    position: absolute;
    right: 16px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--muted);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.dropdown-submenu:hover>a::before {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    right: 12px;
}

.dropdown-submenu .dropdown-menu {
    top: 0;
    left: 100%;
    margin-top: 0;
    margin-left: 2px;
}

.dropdown-submenu:hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateX(0);
}

/* Mobile Search Bar */
.mobile-search-container {
    display: none;
    padding: var(--spacing-md);
    background: #fff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f4;
}

.mobile-search {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border-radius: 50px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--white);
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.search-bar {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 5px 10px;
    width: 100%;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: var(--white);
    transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8eb;
}

.search-bar .search-btn {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    padding: 5px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    /* background-color: #1f2b36; */
}

.search-bar input {
    width: 80%;
    border: none;
    outline: none;
    font-size: 14px;
    background: transparent;
}

.search-bar:focus-within {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.mobile-search:focus-within {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.mobile-search input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 14px 50px 14px 20px;
    border: none;
    outline: none;
    font-size: 16px;
    background: transparent;
}

.mobile-search .search-btn {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    height: 100%;
    width: 50px;
    background: var(--accent-deep);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 0 50px 50px 0;
    color: var(--white);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: background-color 0.3s ease;
}

.mobile-search .search-btn:hover {
    background: #4a7a94;
}

.mobile-search .search-btn i {
    font-size: 16px;
}

/* Add to your existing CSS */
#announcementModal .no-announcement {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem;
    color: #666;
}

#announcementModal .no-announcement i {
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: #ccc;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    display: block;
}

#announcementModal .no-announcement p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}


/* Submit Article Modal Styles - Minimal Information Design */
#submitArticleModal .about-modal {
    max-width: 920px;
    background: #fbfcfd;
    border: 1px solid #d8e2ea;
}

#submitArticleModal h2 {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

#submitArticleModal .coming-soon-banner {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #dbe5ed;
    border-left: 4px solid #2f6d8f;
    color: #233847;
    padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    text-align: left;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(19, 42, 57, 0.04);
}

#submitArticleModal .coming-soon-banner::before {
    display: none;
}

#submitArticleModal .coming-soon-banner i {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
    color: #2f6d8f;
    line-height: 1;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

#submitArticleModal .coming-soon-banner h3 {
    margin: 0 0 0.2rem;
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

#submitArticleModal .coming-soon-banner p {
    margin: 0;
    color: #4a616f;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    opacity: 1;
}

#submitArticleModal .submission-instructions {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #dde7ee;
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin: 0;
}

#submitArticleModal .submission-note {
    margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
    color: #2f4757;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-steps {
    display: grid;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    counter-reset: submitStep;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step {
    counter-increment: submitStep;
    border: 1px solid #e1e9ef;
    border-radius: 9px;
    background: #fcfeff;
    padding: 0.9rem 0.95rem 0.9rem 2.55rem;
    position: relative;
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step::before {
    content: counter(submitStep);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0.85rem;
    top: 0.95rem;
    width: 1.2rem;
    height: 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #ffffff;
    background: #2f6d8f;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step:hover {
    border-color: #c6d8e4;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(19, 42, 57, 0.06);
    transform: none;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.55rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step-icon {
    width: 1.7rem;
    height: 1.7rem;
    border-radius: 7px;
    background: #e9f2f8 !important;
    color: #2f6d8f !important;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    line-height: 1;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step-icon i {
    line-height: 1;
    display: block;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step h4 {
    font-size: 0.97rem;
    margin: 0;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #425b6a;
}

#submitArticleModal .instruction-step a {
    color: #2f6d8f;
}

#submitArticleModal .email-highlight {
    background: #f3f8fc;
    color: #18394d;
    border: 1px solid #d3e2ec;
    border-radius: 7px;
    padding: 0.38rem 0.62rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0.3rem 0;
    font-size: 0.87rem;
}

#submitArticleModal .email-subject {
    background: #f8fbfd;
    border: 1px dashed #c8d8e4;
    border-radius: 7px;
    padding: 0.46rem 0.62rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #2d4454;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    margin-top: 0.95rem;
    padding-top: 0.8rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e2eaf0;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn {
    min-width: 210px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.8rem 1.15rem;
    box-shadow: none;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn::before {
    display: none;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn.primary {
    background: #2f6d8f;
    color: #ffffff;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn.primary:hover {
    background: #285f7c;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn.secondary {
    background: #ffffff;
    color: #2d4f63;
    border: 1px solid #ccdae4;
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn.secondary:hover {
    color: #1e4054;
    background: #f4f9fc;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

#submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn i {
    line-height: 1;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    #submitArticleModal .about-modal {
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    #submitArticleModal .modal-actions {
        justify-content: stretch;
    }

    #submitArticleModal .modal-actions .btn {
        width: 100%;
        min-width: 100%;
    }
}






/* Author Guide Modal Styles */
.author-guide-intro {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue-100) 0%, var(--blue-300) 100%);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  padding: var(--spacing-xl);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
  /* border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep); */
}

.download-template {
  margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
  text-align: center;
}

.template-download-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-deep) 0%, #4a7a95 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 600;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.template-download-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(95, 142, 168, 0.3);
}

.guide-section {
  margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
  padding-bottom: 2rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blue-100);
}

.guide-section:last-of-type {
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.guide-section h3 {
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.guide-section h3 i {
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  width: 24px;
}

.spec-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

.spec-list li {
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
  padding-left: var(--spacing-xl);
  position: relative;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.spec-list li::before {
  content: '•';
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-weight: bold;
  position: absolute;
  left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.structure-list {
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
  padding-left: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.structure-list li {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.structure-list ul {
  margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
  padding-left: var(--spacing-xl);
  list-style: disc;
}

.structure-list ul li {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xs);
}

.formatting-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

.format-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  background: var(--blue-100);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  border: 1px solid var(--blue-300);
}

.format-level {
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
}

.format-spec {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.reference-example {
  background: var(--blue-100);
  color: var(--text);
  padding: var(--spacing-md);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  /* border-left: 4px solid var(--accent-deep); */
}

.declarations-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

.declaration-item {
  background: var(--white);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  border: 1px solid var(--blue-100);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.declaration-item:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent-deep);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.process-list {
  margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
  padding-left: var(--spacing-xl);
}

.process-list li {
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  line-height: 1.6;
  padding-left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.contact-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue-100) 0%, #d4e7f5 100%);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  margin: var(--spacing-xl) calc(-1 * var(--spacing-lg)) var(--spacing-lg);
}

.contact-card {
  text-align: center;
  padding: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.contact-card h4 {
  color: var(--text);
  margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.contact-email {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: var(--spacing-sm);
  background: var(--white);
  padding: var(--spacing-md) var(--spacing-xl);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--text);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--card-shadow);
}

.contact-email i {
  color: var(--accent-deep);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
}

#authorGuideModal .template-download-btn {
    color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
}

#authorGuideModal .template-download-btn:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin-top: 1.2rem;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #dbe5ed;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn {
    min-width: 220px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 0.85rem 1.15rem;
    box-shadow: none;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn.primary {
    background: #2f6d8f;
    color: #ffffff;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn.primary:hover {
    background: #285f7c;
    color: #ffffff;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn.secondary {
    background: #ffffff;
    color: #2d4f63;
    border: 1px solid #ccdae4;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn.secondary:hover {
    background: #f4f9fc;
    color: #1e4054;
}

#authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn i {
    color: inherit;
}

.email-subject {
  background: var(--blue-100);
  border: 1px solid var(--blue-300);
  border-radius: var(--border-radius);
  padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-md);
  font-family: 'Courier New', monospace;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text);
  margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
  display: inline-block;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .author-guide-intro {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  }
  
  .guide-section {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
  }
  
  .guide-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
  }
  
  .format-item {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
  }
  
  .declarations-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
  
  .contact-email {
    padding: var(--spacing-sm) var(--spacing-lg);
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  
  .contact-section {
    margin: var(--spacing-lg) calc(-1 * var(--spacing-md)) var(--spacing-lg);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  }

    #authorGuideModal .modal-actions {
        justify-content: stretch;
    }

    #authorGuideModal .modal-actions .btn {
        width: 100%;
        min-width: 100%;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .author-guide-intro {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
  }
  
  .template-download-btn {
    width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  
  .guide-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
  }
  
  .contact-email {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    text-align: center;
  }
}










/* Main Content Layout */
.main {
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
}

/* About Section */
.about {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px var(--card-shadow);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.about-details h2 {
    margin-top: 0;
    font-size: clamp(18px, 3vw, 20px);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    color: var(--text);
}

.view-details-btn {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid var(--accent-deep);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.view-details-btn:hover {
    background: var(--accent-deep);
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
}

.about-details p {
    color: var(--muted);
    margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    text-align: justify;
}

.about-details strong {
    color: var(--text);
}

/* Editor Band Section */
.editor-band {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f7fdff, #e7f8ff);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.editor-inner {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.avatar {
    background: #fff;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px var(--card-shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.avatar:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.avatar img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.editor-right {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 200px;
}

.editor-right h3 {
    margin: 0 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    font-size: clamp(16px, 3vw, 18px);
    color: var(--text);
}

.editor-right h3 span {
    font-size: 13px;
    text-decoration: underline;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
    margin-left: var(--spacing-sm);
}

.editor-right h3 span:hover {
    opacity: 0.8;
}

.editor-right p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* Articles Section */
.articles {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.articles-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: var(--spacing-sm);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.articles-header h2 {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(18px, 3vw, 20px);
    color: var(--text);
}

.underline {
    display: block;
    width: 30px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--accent-deep);
    margin-top: 6px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--spacing-xs);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.tab-btn {
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    background: transparent;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    cursor: pointer;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.tab-btn.active {
    background: var(--white);
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px var(--card-shadow);
}

.tab-btn:hover:not(.active) {
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--blue-100);
}

.articles-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.tab-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-md);
}

.tab-content.hidden {
    display: none;
}

.article-card {
    background: var(--white);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px var(--card-shadow);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--card-shadow);
}

.article-card .tag {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    display: block;
}

.article-card h4 {
    margin: 0 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--text);
}

.article-card .authors {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    font-size: 13px;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-sm);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-card .abstract {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    line-height: 1.5;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.article-card .pdf {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 13px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
}

.article-card .pdf:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
    transform: translateX(2px);
}

/* Read Issue Button */
.read-issue {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-lg);
    text-align: center;
}

.btn {
    display: inline-block;
    background: var(--accent-deep);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 12px 24px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    text-align: center;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn:hover {
    background: #4a7a94;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(95, 142, 168, 0.3);
}

/* Editorial Board Modal */
.editorial-board-clean {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: var(--spacing-xl) auto;
    background: var(--white);
    padding: var(--spacing-lg);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--card-shadow);
    display: none;
}

.editorial-board-clean.active {
    display: block;
}

.editorial-board-clean h1 {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);
    color: var(--text);
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-xl);
    font-weight: 700;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--accent);
    padding-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.close-btn {
    font-size: 2rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--muted);
    line-height: 1;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    padding: 0;
    width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.close-btn:hover {
    color: var(--text);
    background: var(--blue-100);
}

/* Role Sections */
.role-section {
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-lg);
}

.role-section h2 {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1.5px;
    color: var(--accent-deep);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--blue-300);
}

/* Editor Entries */
.editor-entry {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding: var(--spacing-sm);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.editor-entry:hover {
    background-color: var(--blue-100);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.editor-entry:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.editor-name {
    font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.editor-details {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Separator */
.main-role-separator {
    border: none;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, var(--blue-300), transparent);
    margin: var(--spacing-xl) 0;
}

/* Two-Column Grid for Associate Editors */
.associate-editors-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
}

/* About Modal */
.about-detailed {
    display: flex;
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: rgba(14, 24, 36, 0.58);
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    z-index: 1200;
    padding: clamp(12px, 2.5vw, 30px);
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 0.22s ease, visibility 0.22s ease;
    backdrop-filter: blur(3px);
}

.about-detailed.active {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.about-modal {
    background: #ffffff;
    max-width: 980px;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: min(88vh, 900px);
    overflow-y: auto;
    border-radius: 14px;
    box-shadow: 0 24px 48px rgba(8, 15, 26, 0.24);
    border: 1px solid #dce4ea;
    padding: clamp(18px, 2.2vw, 34px);
    position: relative;
    transform: translateY(14px) scale(0.985);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: transform 0.24s ease, opacity 0.24s ease;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
}

.about-detailed.active .about-modal {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
    opacity: 1;
}

.about-modal h2 {
    color: #193246;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #d9e5ed;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    margin-top: 0;
    font-size: clamp(1.25rem, 2vw, 1.65rem);
}

.about-modal h2:first-of-type {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.about-modal p {
    margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    line-height: 1.68;
    color: #22313b;
}

.about-modal ul {
    margin: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.about-modal li {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.about-modal a {
    color: #2b6f97;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.about-modal a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.close-btn1 {
    position: sticky;
    top: 10px;
    margin-left: auto;
    right: 0;
    background: #f2f7fb;
    border: 1px solid #d7e3ec;
    color: #395262;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%;
    z-index: 4;
}

.close-btn1:hover {
    color: #1e3341;
    background: #e6f0f7;
    transform: scale(1.03);
}

.about-modal::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 10px;
}

.about-modal::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: #c6d5e0;
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.about-modal::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: #eef4f8;
}

body.modal-open {
    overflow: hidden;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .about-detailed,
    .about-modal {
        transition: none;
    }

    .about-modal {
        transform: none;
    }
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-xl);
    background: #f1f4f6;
    padding: var(--spacing-lg) 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    border-top: 1px solid #e7ecef;
}

.footer-inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: var(--spacing-lg);
    align-items: start;
    margin-bottom: var(--spacing-md);
}

.footer-col h4 {
    margin: 0 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--text);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-col ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.footer-col li {
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.footer-col a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.footer-col a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    width: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background-color: var(--accent-deep);
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.footer-col a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.footer-col a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-deep);
}

.footer-bottom {
    margin-top: var(--spacing-md);
    padding-top: var(--spacing-md);
    border-top: 1px solid #e6edf2;
    text-align: center;
}

.footer-bottom p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    margin: 6px 0;
}

/* Utility Classes */
.hidden {
    display: none !important;
}

.muted {
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* Mobile Responsiveness */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .hero-inner {
        text-align: left;
    }

    .hero-left {
        grid-template-columns: 148px 1fr;
        min-height: 190px;
    }

    .cover {
        padding: 10px 8px;
    }

    .cover .cover-img {
        width: 128px;
        height: 170px;
    }

    .title-block h1 {
        font-size: clamp(28px, 3.8vw, 44px);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {

    /* Topbar adjustments */
    .topbar {
        height: auto;
        position: relative;
    }

    .topbar-inner {
        justify-content: space-between;
        padding: var(--spacing-sm) 0;
    }

    .top-links {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Show both search and toggle on mobile */
    .search-nav-item {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
    }

    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .search-bar {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Adjust search container for mobile */
    .search-container input {
        width: 150px;
    }

    .search-container input:focus {
        width: 180px;
    }

    /* Hero adjustments */
    .hero {
        position: relative;
        top: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    .hero-inner {
        padding: 0;
    }

    .cover .cover-img {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 190px;
        height: 230px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(16, 24, 40, 0.16);
    }

    .cover {
        padding: 18px 0 8px;
    }

    .title-block h1 {
        font-size: 34px;
    }

    .title-block p {
        font-size: 23px;
    }

    .hero-left {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        min-height: 0;
        text-align: center;
        padding-bottom: 16px;
        background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #ffffff 50%, #cfcfcf 50%);
    }

    /* Primary Navigation */
    .primary-nav {
        position: relative;
        top: 0;
        background: #fff;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f4;
    }

    /* Mobile Navigation Menu */
    .nav-menu {
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        right: -100%;
        width: 80%;
        max-width: 320px;
        height: 100vh;
        background: var(--white);
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 70px 20px 20px;
        gap: 0;
        box-shadow: -2px 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
        transition: right 0.3s ease;
        z-index: 1000;
        overflow-y: auto;
    }

    .nav-menu.active {
        right: 0;
    }

    .nav-menu>li {
        width: 100%;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #eef2f4;
    }

    .nav-menu>li:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    .nav-menu>li>a {
        display: block;
        padding: 15px 0;
        width: 100%;
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    /* Mobile Dropdown Styles */
    .dropdown-menu {
        position: static;
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: none;
        box-shadow: none;
        background: var(--blue-100);
        margin-top: 0;
        display: none;
        width: 100%;
        padding-left: 0;
        border-radius: 0;
        border: none;
    }

    .dropdown.active .dropdown-menu {
        display: block;
    }

    .dropdown-menu li a {
        padding: 12px 20px;
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .dropdown-menu li a::after {
        display: none;
    }

    .dropdown-menu li a:hover {
        background: var(--blue-300);
        padding-left: 25px;
    }

    /* Nested Dropdown on Mobile */
    .dropdown-submenu .dropdown-menu {
        background: var(--blue-300);
        padding-left: 0;
    }

    .dropdown-submenu>a::before {
        display: none;
    }

    /* Right links on mobile */
    .right-links {
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-top: 10px;
    }

    .right-links a {
        display: block;
        padding: 15px !important;
        width: 100%;
        background: var(--accent-deep) !important;
        color: var(--white) !important;
        text-align: center;
        border-radius: var(--border-radius);
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    /* Show mobile search */
    .mobile-search-container {
        display: block;
    }

    /* Articles Grid */
    .articles-grid,
    .tab-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .article-card {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
    }

    /* Editor Board */
    .associate-editors-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .editorial-board-clean {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
        margin: var(--spacing-lg) 0;
    }

    .editorial-board-clean h1 {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
    }

    /* About Modal */
    .about-modal {
        padding: var(--spacing-md);
        max-height: 95vh;
    }

    /* Footer */
    .footer-inner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: left;
        gap: var(--spacing-md);
    }

    .footer-col h4 {
        font-size: 18px;
    }

    .footer-col a {
        font-size: 15px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {

    /* Container padding for small screens */
    .container {
        padding: 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    /* Adjust search and toggle alignment for very small screens */
    .search-container input {
        width: 120px;
    }

    .search-container input:focus {
        width: 150px;
    }

    /* Hero adjustments */
    .hero {
        padding: 0;
    }

    .hero-inner {
        padding: 0;
    }

    .cover .cover-img {
        max-width: 150px;
        height: 188px;
    }

    .title-block h1 {
        font-size: 24px;
    }

    .title-block p {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    /* Mobile menu width adjustment */
    .nav-menu {
        width: 85%;
    }

    /* Article cards */
    .article-card {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .article-card h4 {
        font-size: 15px;
    }

    .article-card .abstract {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    /* Buttons */
    .btn {
        padding: 10px 20px;
        font-size: 13px;
    }

    .view-details-btn {
        padding: 5px 12px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    /* Editor band */
    .editor-inner {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .avatar {
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }

    .editor-right h3 {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .editor-right h3 span {
        display: block;
        margin-left: 0;
        margin-top: 5px;
    }

    /* Modal adjustments */
    .about-modal,
    .editorial-board-clean {
        padding: var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .about-modal h2,
    .editorial-board-clean h1 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }

    /* Footer */
    .site-footer {
        padding: var(--spacing-md) 0 var(--spacing-sm);
    }

    .footer-bottom p {
        font-size: 12px;
    }
}

/* Touch device optimizations */
@media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {

    .nav-menu>li>a::after,
    .dropdown-menu li a::after,
    .footer-col a::after {
        display: none;
    }

    .nav-menu>li>a:active,
    .dropdown-menu li a:active,
    .footer-col a:active {
        background-color: var(--blue-100);
    }

    .article-card:active {
        transform: scale(0.98);
    }

    .btn:active {
        transform: scale(0.95);
    }
}